Follow
Monophasic liquid dosage forms: It contains only one phase.
Syrups: A liquid preparation typically containing a high concentration of sugar (or sugar substitute),usually the concentration of sugar is 66% (w/w), a flavoring agent, and active drug ingredients.Syrups are a popular delivery vehicle for anti-tussive drugs because they feel more soothing toswallow than a tablet or capsule, and the medication is more quickly absorbed. Syrups are used informulation of antibiotics, saline drugs, vitamins, antitussives, sedatives, etc.
Elixirs: Are hydro-alcoholic sweetened solutions, but a bit less sweet and viscous than syrups. Thus,the main purpose for the preparation containing alcohol is for dissolving alcohol-soluble drugcomponents in the solution. Main Ingredients of elixir are ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin, propyleneglycol, flavoring agent, sugar and preservatives. Medicated elixir contains very potent drug such asantibiotics, antihistamines, sedatives. Flavoring elixirs used as flavors and vehicles.
Linctus: Viscous liquid and oral preparations that are generally prescribed for the relief of cough.They contain medicament which have demulcent, sedative or expectorant action. linctus should betaken in a small doses sipped and swallowed slowly without diluting it with water in order to havemaximum and prolonged effect of medications. Simple syrup is used a vehicle for most of thelinctus. Tulu syrup is preferred in certain cases because of its aromatic odor and flavor.
Drops: Liquid preparations meant for oral administration. The oil soluble vitamins such as vitamin Aand D concentrations in fish liver oil are presented as drops for administration. Since thesepreparations contain potent medications the dose must be measured accurately.
Liniments: Liquid and semi liquid preparations meant for application to the skin. Liniments areusually applied to the skin with friction and rubbing of the skin. Liniments may be alcoholic or oilysolutions or emulsions. Alcohol helps in penetration of medicament in to the skin and also increasesits counterirritant or rubefacient action. Arachis oil is used in some liniments which spread moreeasily on the skin. Soap is also included as ingredients in some of the liniments which help in easyapplication of liniment on the skin. Liniments contain medicaments possessing analgesic,rubefacient, soothing, counter irritant or stimulating properties. Liniment should not be applied tobroken skin it may cause excess irritation.
Lotions: Liquid preparations meant for external application without friction. They are applied directto the skin with the help of some absorbent material such as cotton, wool or gauze soaked in it.Lotions may be used for local action as cooling, soothing or protective purpose. They are generallyprescribed for antiseptic action ex: Calamine lotion.
Gargles: Aqueous solutions used to prevent or treat throat infections. They are usually available inconcentrated for with direction for dilution with warm water before use. They are brought in tocontact with mucous membrane of the throat and are allowed to remain in contact with it for a fewseconds.
Mouth washes: Aqueous solutions with a pleasant taste and odor used to make clean and deodorizethe buccal cavity. Generally they contain antibacterial agents, alcohol, glycerin, sweetening agents,flavoring agents and coloring agents.
Throat paints: Viscous liquid preparations used for mouth and throat infections. Glycerin iscommonly used as a base it adheres to mucous membrane for a long period and it possesses asweet taste.
Nasal drops; solutions of drugs that are instilled in to the nose with a dropper. They are usuallyaqueous and not oily drops. Nasal drops should be isotonic having neutral pH and viscosity similar tonasal secretions by using methyl alcohol.
Eye drops: Sterile solution or suspensions of drugs that are instilled in to the eye with a dropper.The eye drops are usually made in aqueous vehicle. It should be sterile isotonic with lachrymalsecretions, buffered and free from foreign particles to avoid irritation to the eye.
Eye lotions: Aqueous solutions used for washing the eyes. The eye lotions are supplied inconcentrated form and are required to be diluted with warm water immediately before use. Itshould be isotonic and free from foreign particles to avoid irritation to the eye.
Ear drops: solutions of drugs that are instilled in to the ear with a dropper. These are generally usedfor cleaning the ear, softening the wax and for treating the mild infections.
