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An HVAC system is a heating ventilation and air conditioning system. It is used to air condition a large area where a normal air conditioner cannot be used. It consists of a boiler, chiller cooling tower and air handling unit.
This system is used to control the temperature of a particular space along with controlling the air humidity, providing fresh air to the area by controlling the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels. It controls air pollution by controlling air movement.
HVAC systems can effectively control air conditions of given parameters by heating by adding heat energy to an area to raise the temperature; Cooling is done by reducing heat energy in an area to lower the temperature. Humidification is done by adding steam or water vapor to an area to increase the relative humidity while dehumidifying is done by getting rid of moisture or water vapor in an area.
Air is cleaned by removing smoke, dust or pollen that pollutes the air. Air circulation by maintaining the gas ratio can be done by adding fresh outside air. Finally, the system controls the air flow that is delivered to a location that ensures the occupants are comfortable. The following are the basic components of an HVAC system and the role they play in keeping the condition suitable;
Furnace
It is the largest and main component of commercial HVAC systems. It heats the air that is supplied to the system; This can be done with heat pumps, solar power or burning natural gas. Inside the furnace, there is a heat exchanger which helps in turning the furnace when it is activated. It draws in and heats cold air and expels the air through vents.
Thermostat
The thermostat can be set manually or pre-programmed to the desired temperature. It is the easily visible and accessible part of the system. A thermostat can trigger a heat exchanger or evaporator coil-condensing unit to circulate a space with cold or warm air.
Evaporator coil
It helps to cool the hot air. It is connected to the condensing unit which is filled with refrigerant gas. The unit is usually installed outside the room. It pumps the condensed liquid to the evaporation coil which evaporates back into gas.
Refrigerant line
This unit carries the refrigerant to the condensing unit for evaporation and returns it in liquid form to the evaporator. They are narrow tubes usually resistant to heat and cold.
Ductwork
This unit transports cooled or heated air throughout the room. Ducts are made of lightweight aluminum. Ducts are connected to vents that transfer cool or warm air to individual rooms. They are usually close to the ceiling and fronted with angled slats. They can be controlled manually to control the heating or cooling of the indicated space.
