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Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Description: Fault tree analysis is a deductive technique that assumes failure of the functionality of a product or process. From the failure of the functionality, the process looks at possible causes and links them down (in the form of a tree of fault modes) to the desired level of detail or system function. This technique can be used for analyzing hazards already identified via other techniques. An FTA can be quantitative if data on component failure rates are available. In addition, an FTA can reveal combinations of events leading to failure. It is useful both for risk assessment and in developing monitoring programs.
Benefits: FTA is an effective tool for evaluating how multiple factors can impact a system. It provides a visual representation of the failures, which is useful in the analysis. An FTA can be used prospectively or retrospectively and includes qualitative or quantitative data. It can be used in many phases of a project, to include product development, design engineering, operations, process expansion or modification, or as part of an incident investigation. This technique also helps in identifying common cause events.
Limitation: An FTA can be very tedious and time consuming. It requires a fair amount of training, skill, and experience of the persons involved in the process. An FTA is very narrow in focus.
