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A pH meter is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a solution, or a pH meter is an electronic device used to measure the pH of any solution. pH meter calibration is required at regular intervals or at defined frequencies to maintain accuracy.
pH Meter Principle
It measures the voltage between two electrodes. One is a glass electrode, and the other is a reference electrode. It displays the voltage result that corresponds to the corresponding pH value.
Sometimes, if both electrons are present, these are called combination electrodes and are inserted into the solution where the pH is being tested. These two electrodes are immersed and, after immersing these electrodes in a solution. H+ ions in the test solution exchange with other positively charged ions present on the glass ball. So there is an action between these plus ions in the solution and the H+ ions or positively charged ions present in the glass bulb. The amplifier detects the difference in electrical potential between the two electrodes. This potential difference is called the ph unit.
Basic components of pH instruments
It consists of a probe, usually a three-in-one combination. The electrode consists of a hydrogen ion-sensitive glass electrode, a reference electrode, and a temperature probe. The temperature probe is used to ensure that any temperature changes are automatically corrected. The tip of the probe has a sensitive glass bulb that detects the acidity or basicity of the solution and the other end of the probe has a high input electronic meter that measures and displays the pH.
It has a voltmeter connected to a pH electrode because these electrodes respond according to pH, hence they are called pH-responsive electrodes.
Electrode One is the measuring electrode here, and it is a tube made of glass. It consists of thin glass with a glass bulb. It consists of a narrow tube or glass with a glass bulb filled with potassium chloride chemical with a pH of 7.
It consists of a silver block of silver chloride attached to a silver element and produces a voltage. It is used to measure the pH of an unknown solution. Then the second electrode of the pH meter is the reference electrode.
The reference electrode is a glass tube consisting of a potassium chloride solution. The reference electrode consists of potassium chloride solution and is in contact with the mercuric chloride block, which is present at the potassium chloride end. And this reference electrode is used to provide a stable zero-voltage connection and complete the circuit.
The pH meter has a flexible arm so that the electrodes move easily in and out of solutions. When the pH meter is not in use, the electrode is immersed in a three molar potassium chloride solution to prevent it from drying or direct contact with the environment for long periods of time. Electrodes can be permanently damaged if the glass membrane dries out.
